Western big game hunting offers some of the most thrilling outdoor experiences, combining stunning landscapes with the challenge of pursuing iconic animals like elk, mule deer, pronghorn, and more. For beginners, the process can seem overwhelming: there’s gear to consider, permits to secure, skills to master, and physical conditioning to achieve. This guide will break everything down step by step, helping you confidently embark on your first western hunt.
Why Western Big Game Hunting?
Western states such as Colorado, Montana, Wyoming, and Arizona are renowned for their vast wilderness areas and diverse game species. Hunting these areas isn’t just about the harvest—it’s about immersing yourself in the natural beauty of rugged terrain, building memories, and challenging yourself physically and mentally.
Step 1: Understand the Game Species
Begin by learning about the species you want to hunt. Each animal has unique behaviors, habitats, and requirements.
Popular Western Game Species:
Elk: Known for their bugling calls during the rut, elk are found in mountainous terrain and require stamina and patience to hunt.
Mule Deer: Typically located in high desert or alpine areas, mule deer demand excellent glassing skills and spot-and-stalk techniques.
Pronghorn Antelope: Found in open grasslands and sagebrush plains, pronghorn are the fastest land mammals in North America and present unique challenges for long-range shooting.
Black Bear: Often hunted in forested or mountainous areas, bear hunting can require baiting or spot-and-stalk strategies.
Mountain Lion: A specialized hunt often requiring the help of trained dogs to track these elusive predators.
Research the species available in the state you plan to hunt, including their habitats, habits, and hunting seasons.
Step 2: Understand the Tag Application Process
Western states often use a lottery or points system to allocate big game tags. This process varies by state and species, so understanding it is crucial.
Key Terms to Know:
Over-the-Counter (OTC): Tags available without a lottery, ideal for beginners.
Preference Points: Accumulated over time to increase your odds in future draws as you have preference over someone with less points than you.
Bonus Points: Can give you additional opportunities as you increase points over time.
Limited Entry Draws: Permit systems that limit the number of hunters for specific units or areas.
Pro Tip:
Research each state’s deadlines and tag allocation systems early. Missing deadlines could mean waiting another year for your opportunity.
Step 3: Choose Your Weapon
Western hunting allows for both archery and rifle seasons, each offering unique challenges.
Archery: Requires close-range shots, typically under 50 yards. Success depends on your ability to quietly stalk game and remain undetected.
Muzzleloader: Gives you opportunity to shoot a primitive weapon within 100-150 yards. Some states are more primitive than others so please check if you need to have open sights, etc.
Rifle: Allows for longer shots, often exceeding 200 yards. Accuracy and comfort with your firearm are essential.
Spend time practicing with your chosen weapon before the hunt, replicating field conditions as much as possible.
Step 4: Invest in the Right Gear
Western big game hunting demands high-quality gear that can withstand harsh environments.
Essential Gear Checklist:
Boots: Invest in durable, waterproof boots with excellent support. Break them in well before the hunt.
Clothing: Use a layering system to stay comfortable in variable weather. Look for moisture-wicking, insulating, and waterproof layers.
Optics: Binoculars and a spotting scope are crucial for glassing and identifying animals from long distances.
Backpack: A sturdy pack for carrying essentials like water, food, and emergency supplies.
Navigation Tools: GPS, maps, and a compass are critical for backcountry hunts. Apps like OnX Hunt can provide valuable terrain data.
Emergency Gear: First aid kit, fire-starting tools, and a satellite communication device like a Garmin inReach.
Pro Tip:
Avoid overpacking. Test your gear on local hikes or shorter hunts to refine your setup.
Step 5: Scout Your Area
Scouting is one of the most important steps in preparing for a successful hunt.
How to Scout Effectively:
E-Scouting: Use tools like Google Earth and OnX Hunt to study terrain, identify potential game travel routes, and mark glassing points.
Preseason Scouting Trips: Visit your hunting unit in the months leading up to the season to locate bedding, feeding, and watering areas.
Trail Cameras: Set up cameras to monitor animal activity.
Step 6: Get in Shape
Western hunting is physically demanding, often involving long hikes, steep inclines, and carrying heavy loads.
Training Tips:
Cardio: Incorporate running, hiking, or biking to build endurance.
Strength Training: Focus on your legs, core, and back to handle the physical demands of carrying a pack or hauling game meat.
Hike with Weight: Train with a weighted backpack to simulate hunting conditions.
Step 7: Learn Basic Hunting Skills
Practicing core skills before your hunt increases your chances of success.
Glassing: Learn how to use binoculars and spotting scopes to locate game at long distances.
Calling: Practice using elk bugles, deer grunts, or predator calls as appropriate.
Tracking: Learn to identify tracks, scat, and bedding areas.
Shooting: Hone your marksmanship with your weapon of choice. Practice from different positions, such as prone, kneeling, and standing.
Step 8: Plan Your Hunt
A well-organized plan can make or break your hunt. This includes multiple areas that you believe could hold game. You must have an A,B, and C or more to ensure you are not stuck if your initial area doesn't work out the way you initially intended.
Hunt Logistics:
Season Dates: Double-check the start and end dates for your hunt.
Weather: Monitor forecasts and prepare for sudden changes. What will your temperatures be like? Are you expecting rain, snow, or hot sunny days?
Hunting Partners: Coordinate with partners or guides if you’re not hunting solo.
Camp Setup: Plan for a comfortable and functional basecamp or bivy setup. Maybe both?
Step 9: Embrace the Challenge
Hunting in the West is as much about the journey as it is about the harvest. Be prepared for setbacks, unpredictable weather, and tough terrain. Stay patient, adaptable, and persistent.
Step 10: Follow Up After the Hunt
Once the hunt is over, the work isn’t done. This actually is where the work begins! You likely will be tired at this point but the physical aspects are going to get tougher, especially if you have to pack the animal out.
Field Dressing: Learn how to quarter and pack out your game efficiently.
Processing: Decide whether to butcher the meat yourself or use a professional processor. Wondering how much meat you could get? Check out our article on meat yield.
Reflect: Review what went well and areas for improvement for your next hunt.
Western big game hunting is a rewarding pursuit that offers both adventure and challenge. By understanding the process, investing in the right gear, and committing to preparation, you’ll set yourself up for a successful and memorable experience. When you are ready to begin applying for tags or looking to get a hunt plan put together, we are the place to go!
Happy Hunting!
Comments